Wizz Air to offer new Barcelona- Tel Aviv route.

Wizz Air to offer new Barcelona- Tel Aviv route - flying four times a week with an Airbus A321 NEO aircraft seating 239 seats.

The Barcelona Air Routes Development Committee (BARDC) within its Strategic Plan 2021-2024, has as its main objective the recovery of routes/companies that operated before the pandemic, increase capacity in some existing destinations with high demand but low supply.

Israel has been among the countries with the highest demand for many years and, even with the main route, Tel Aviv, amply covered, the demand exceeds the existing capacity.

The airline, which has started its operation back in 2004 in Barcelona, in the very year when it started its operation is now flying to Tel Aviv as well, making it its 20 destination being offered from the capital of Catalunya.

Tel Aviv is the Israeli NONSTOP CITY, offering a combination of culture, history, entertainment, strong High-tech ecosystem and great beaches, young and old, tourists and locals, Jews, Muslims and Christians. In Tel Aviv you can find an excellent culinary scene, as well as cafes, bars and clubs, historical sites, and impressive museums.

It is also recommended to go to the southern part - Jaffa - and enjoy 3500 years of history on one hand, and modern entertainment places on the other. All of these of course in front of the beautiful beach where you can find young surfers and old fishermen. In Jaffa you can see the magic of combining different religions and people from different backgrounds, living side by side.

Wizz Air will offer the route Barcelona- Tel Aviv, and v.v., throughout the year, with 4 weekly frequencies on an Airbus A321 NEO aircraft, which offers a capacity of 239 seats.

The new Airbus A321neo incorporates the latest technologies in aviation and offers significant environmental benefits, with a nearly 50% reduction in noise footprint, a 20% reduction in fuel consumption and 50% reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions compared to the previous model. Wizz Air is the biggest operator of the Airbus A321neo in Europe and has one of the largest standalone order book globally of over 300 aircraft of this type, which will help the airline reach its sustainability targets.

Vietnam Airlines And Singapore Airlines strengthen commercial cooperation

Vietnam Airlines And Singapore Airlines 

strengthen commercial cooperation

 

               Vietnam Airlines and Singapore Airlines (SIA) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen the commercial collaboration between the two airlines.

The carriers will initially explore opportunities for codeshare arrangements to facilitate better connectivity between Vietnam and Singapore. This could potentially be expanded to include other destinations that SIA serves. The two airlines will also explore other areas of commercial cooperation that could offer more value and options to their customers.

Mr Pham Minh Chinh, Prime Minister, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, and Dr Tan See Leng, Minister for Manpower and Second Minister for Trade and Industry, Singapore, witnessed the exchange of the signed MoU during the Vietnam-Singapore Business Forum on 10 February 2023.

Emirates launches humanitarian airbridge to help in Turkey and Syria earthquakes relief efforts

In the wake of the devastating earthquakes in Turkey and Syria, Emirates is setting up an airbridge with the International Humanitarian City (IHC), to transport urgent relief supplies, medical items and equipment to support on-ground aid efforts and search and rescue activities in both countries. The first shipments are due to go out today on EK 121 and EK 117, consisting of high thermal blankets and family tents from UNHCR, followed by World Health Organisation (WHO) and World Food Programme (WFP) relief cargo of medical kits and shelter items, coordinated by the IHC in Dubai. 

In the coming days, more consignments of blankets, tents, shelter kits, flashlights, water distribution ramps and trauma and emergency health kits will be transported on Emirates.

Emirates SkyCargo plans to dedicate cargo space for around 100 tonnes of humanitarian relief goods over the course of the next two weeks across its daily flight operations to Istanbul. The critical emergency supplies carried on Emirates will then be delivered by local organisations to affected areas in southern Turkey and northern Syria, supporting on-ground responders and providing much-needed aid to the hundreds of thousands of people impacted by the earthquakes. 

HH Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Emirates’ Chairman and Chief Executive, said: “We stand with the Turkish and Syrian people and are working with experts like the International Humanitarian City to help provide urgent relief to those affected and displaced by the earthquakes, as well as support the complex recovery efforts on the ground. Emirates has extensive experience in supporting humanitarian relief efforts, and through its three daily flights to Istanbul will offer regular and consistent widebody capacity for relief items and medical supplies. Emirates also supports the UAE’s ongoing humanitarian efforts to support Turkey and Syria, and Dubai’s unique position as the world’s largest international aid logistics hub means that we can efficiently reach disaster-stricken areas and the most vulnerable people as quickly as possible.”

flynas celebrates opening of Doha office

flynas, the Saudi air carrier and the leading low-cost airline in the Middle East celebrated the opening of its office in Doha on January 30, 2023, after operating daily flights between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, to be the first low-cost operator linking the two brotherly countries.

flynas held a press conference and a dinner party in Doha, in the presence of the Ambassador of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques to Qatar, HH Prince Mansour bin Khalid bin Farhan Al-Saud, and the officials of the Qatar Tourism, and the General Authority of Civil Aviation in Qatar.

flynas is the first low-cost carrier linking the Kingdom and Qatar with daily flights to Doha from Riyadh and Jeddah, within the expansion strategy it launched early last year under the slogan "We Connect the World to the Kingdom", and in line with the objectives of the Saudi civil aviation strategy to reach 330 million passengers and increase the international destinations connected with the Kingdom to more than 250 destinations by 2030.

The Saudi carrier started last November operating up to 6 daily flights from King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh and King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah to Doha, providing its guests with multiple options with the launch of the FIFA World Cup 2022 hosted by Qatar.

Canada Jetlines announces another loan

Canada Jetlines, the fledgling budget airline of Canada has announced it has bagged itself another loan. Last week the firm said it has entered into a non-convertible term Loan Agreement for a $1,500,000 loan from Roosheila Group which is a holding company for Reg Christian, a director of the Company and travel industry veteran. 

The terms of the Loan include:

The Loan will be advanced in a single tranche of $1,500,000 (“First Tranche”) following Neo Exchange Inc. approval;

the Loan bears interest at the rate of 7.95% per annum and has a maturity date of 60 months from the date of advance;

principal and interest amounts are payable in equal monthly installments for the term of the Loan plus an additional annual 10% principal repayment;

no shares are issuable in connection with the Loan;

the Lender is granted a Board nomination right to nominate an independent director for the term of the Loan;

the Borrower shall pay the document closing costs of the Lender; and

the Loan is secured with a subordinate security interest against the Company’s credit card processor holdback funds.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the Offering and the Loan for aircraft acquisition, general corporate and working capital purposes.

This news release does not constitute an offer of securities for sale in the United States. The securities being offered have not been, nor will they be, registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and such securities may not be offered or sold within the United States absent U.S. registration or an applicable exemption from U.S. registration requirements.

Canada Jetlines is a leisure-focused air carrier, which will utilize a growing fleet of Airbus 320 aircraft to provide Canadians with value vacation choices and convenient travel options. Canada Jetlines will provide exciting vacation packages to iconic Canadian destinations and beyond via strong partnerships with airports, CVB’s, tourism entities, hotels, hospitality brands, and attractions. With a projected growth of 15 aircraft by 2025, Canada Jetlines aims to offer the best-in-class operating economics, customer comfort and fly-by-wire technology, providing an elevated guest-centric experience from the first touchpoint.

VINCI Airports key tothe groups positive results in 2022.

The VINCI group's overall performance was of a very high quality in 2022 the firm reported last week in the release of its latest results.  The group had strong revenue and earnings growth came along with record free cash flow partly because the recovery in VINCI Airports’ passenger numbers accelerated throughout the year. In Portugal, Serbia and several countries in Latin America, they are now higher than they were in 2019. Combined with the impact of the cost-cutting measures adopted during the Covid-19 crisis, VINCI Airports thus posted substantial increases in profit and cash flow, both reaching high levels. In addition, the purchase of a controlling stake in Mexican airport operator OMA, which handled 23 million passengers in 2022, was completed at the end of the year.

            One of the key highlights was the acquisition of OMA

On 7 December 2022, VINCI completed the purchase of a 29.99% stake in OMA (Grupo Aeroportuario del Centro Norte), which holds concessions for 13 airports in northern and central Mexico until 2048, from the Mexican investment firm FinTech Advisory for $1.17 billion. These airports together handled 23 million passengers in 2022, including one that serves the major industrial city of Monterrey and accounts for almost half of OMA’s passenger numbers. The company is fully consolidated in VINCI’s financial statements.

           Cape Verde Airports

In July 2022, VINCI Airports and its Portuguese subsidiary ANA signed a forty-year concession contract to operate seven airports in the Cape Verde islands, which handled 2.8 million passengers in 2019. These airports’ operations will be transferred to the new concession company once the transaction has closed, which should take place in 2023.

Southwest Airlines hosts pup rally at Denver International Airport

Southwest Airlines teamed up with Animal Planet to celebrate the Big Game—Puppy Bowl, that is—at Denver International Airport. Southwest hosted a Surprise & Delight Pup Rally with Employees and Customers on Flight #1075 which departed from Denver International Airport (DEN) and landed at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX). Customers enjoyed Puppy Bowl trivia in the gate area, as well as a special visit by puppies from Lifeline Puppy Rescue, prior to Customers boarding an aircraft through a Puppy Bowl-themed jet bridge. Customers and Employees were given Puppy Bowl beanies as a memento of the PAWsome flight.

Customers can tune in to a dog-gone good time with the Puppy Bowl On Demand TV Channel, which features past Puppy Bowl favourites including last year's game "Puppy Bowl XVIII," "Puppy Bowl XVIII: Where Are They Now," and "Journey to Puppy Bowl," which follows three puppies from Lifeline Puppy Rescue from outside of Denver as they travel to compete in the Puppy Bowl. 

ATR and Air New Zealand take partnership to next level to accelerate decarbonisation of aviation

Regional aircraft manufacturer ATR, and leading New Zealand carrier Air New Zealand recently announced they are deepening their existing partnership, on a mission to accelerate the development and introduction of low-emission aircraft technology in New Zealand. This collaboration will enable both ATR and Air New Zealand to go deeper into their exploration of disruptive innovations, the result of which will be decisive to shape the future of regional aviation.

Through an initiative called ‘Mission Next Gen Aircraft’, Air New Zealand is partnering with several industry and academic stakeholders to replace its Q300 domestic fleet with a more sustainable option from 2030. Offering today the most responsible regional aircraft on the market, ATR has launched a feasibility study on its ATR ‘EVO’ concept, demonstrating its ambition to continue to drive the future of the regional market towards net-zero carbon emissions.

Air New Zealand Chief Sustainability Officer Kiri Hannifin said: “Through our partnerships with Airbus and ATR we’ve been able to deepen our understanding of the impact green hydrogen and battery hybrid aircraft may have on our network, operations and infrastructure, as well as the opportunities and challenges of flying low and zero emissions aircraft in New Zealand. Working with the world’s leading innovators is critical to addressing the climate crisis. These partners were selected because they are taking action now to progress decarbonising the aviation industry.”

Ryanair to offer 12 weekly flights from Exeter in summer.

The UK's budget airline Ryanair has confirmed its new Exeter schedule for Summer 2023, with 12 weekly flights across 3 sunny hotspot destinations, including its new Faro route operating 4 time per week from Sunday, 4 June.

Ryanair’s Exeter Summer 2023 schedule will deliver:

– 3 routes (incl. 1 new) – Alicante, Faro & Malaga

– 12 weekly flights

– +67% growth on Summer 2022

– 63K passengers to/from Exeter in FY24

– Over 45 local jobs

Exeter citizens/visitors can now book a well-deserved Summer break enjoying Ryanair’s lowest fares to the widest choice of destinations, incl. its exciting new Faro route for Summer 2023, on Ryanair.com.

Ryanair’s Head of Communications, Jade Kirwan, said:  “Ryanair is pleased to announce our Exeter schedule for Summer 2023 (+67% growth on S22), with over 12 weekly flights across 3 sunny hotspot destinations, including our exciting new Faro route, offering Exeter citizens/visitors even more choice for their summer holidays at the lowest fares in Europe.

For cost-conscious families, there is no better choice than Ryanair’s industry-leading low fares, particularly now that you can spread out the cost of your holiday by paying half the price now and the other half up to 40 days pre-departure when you book Ryanair’s Family Plus bundle, making family holidays easier for everyone.

We look forward to welcoming thousands of customers/visitors onboard our flights to/from Exeter this Summer as Ryanair continues to deliver more traffic, connectivity, and lower fares than any other airline for the UK.”

Exeter Airport Managing Director, Stephen Wiltshire, said:  “We’re delighted to see Ryanair growing its schedule from Exeter Airport and offering even more choice to local customers. The new route to Faro this summer adds to Ryanair’s year-round flights to Alicante and Malaga and is a fantastic addition to our network, with a total of 26 destinations on offer this year.”

Pratt & Whitney Canada and ATR combine efforts to achieve 100% sustainable aviation fuel readiness for PW127-powered ATR aircraft

Pratt & Whitney Canada and ATR, the world’s number one regional aircraft manufacturer, have agreed to collaborate on an initiative to achieve 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) readiness in PW127 series engines, including the new PW127XT powering next-generation ATR deliveries, by 2025.

“Our collaboration with ATR will be underway throughout 2023 and 2024 and builds on our recent 100% SAF test flight with Braathens Regional Airlines, which was an industry first for regional aviation,” said Anthony Rossi, vice president, Sales and Marketing, Pratt & Whitney Canada. “Alongside our efforts to continually enhance aircraft engine efficiency, SAF has a critical role to play on the journey to achieve the aviation industry’s goal of net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050. While all Pratt & Whitney Canada engines have already been certified for 50% SAF blends for more than a decade, ensuring readiness to operate with 100% SAF blends in future will allow us to maximize their potential for decarbonization.”

Nathalie Tarnaud Laude, ATR’s chief executive officer added, “It is our collective responsibility as an industry to continue taking action to ensure that the vital connections provided by our aircraft across the globe are operated sustainably. We have recently demonstrated with our collaborators, Braathens Regional Airlines and Pratt & Whitney Canada, that ATR aircraft are SAF-ready. Now, we need to continue to join forces to increase SAF availability, as part of our common journey towards net-zero.” 

In June 2022, Pratt & Whitney Canada, ATR and Braathens jointly conducted a successful flight test on an ATR 72-600 aircraft with both Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127M engines fueled exclusively with SAF. ATR is aiming to obtain the authorization to use 100% SAF compatible fuel for ATR 42 and ATR 72 aircraft in the next phase of the program.

Working together, Pratt & Whitney Canada and ATR will conduct the necessary compatibility studies, engineering analyses, and aircraft ground and flight tests, among others. Certification of 100% SAF will ultimately depend on ASTM International defining a specification for that fuel, which we expect could happen as soon as 2025. The program will adhere to standards established by ASTM International.

Air Canada Cargo and Emirates SkyCargo sign deal to enhance networks and reach

Air Canada Cargo and Emirates SkyCargo have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to deliver more benefits to their air freight customers around the world.

The MoU, which builds on the airlines’ strategic commercial partnership announced last year, was signed at Emirates Headquarters in Dubai, UAE by Nabil Sultan, Emirates Divisional Senior Vice President, Cargo and Matthieu Casey, Managing Director Commercial, Air Canada Cargo. Emirates SkyCargo is the airfreight division of Emirates. Through its state-of-the-art hub in Dubai, Emirates SkyCargo transports cargo to over 140 destinations across a global network spanning six continents. The air cargo carrier offers customers cargo capacity on its modern fleet of all wide-body Boeing 777, Airbus A380 aircraft and 11 dedicated B777-F freighters

Under the terms of the MoU, Air Canada Cargo and Emirates SkyCargo will work closely on a number of initiatives, which include expanding cargo interline options and block space agreements, pending any required regulatory approvals. These enhancements aim to offer freight customers of both airlines access to more capacity on a larger combined global network.

Air Canada Cargo will have access to Emirates SkyCargo’s high frequency distribution network through the belly-hold of Emirates scheduled passenger flights to over 140 global destinations, as well as the additional capacity offered by 11 freighters currently in the Emirates fleet. In return, SkyCargo will have access to over 60 cities in Canada and more than 150 cities across five continents through Air Canada Cargo thanks to a fleet of Boeing 767 freighters and   the belly-hold capacity of Air Canada’s scheduled passenger flights.

PLAY carried 61,798 passengers in January

The Icelandic budget carrier, PLAY carried 61,798 passengers in January 2023 which is more than five times the number of passengers PLAY carried in January 2022. The load factor in January was 76% compared to an 82.8% load factor in December. The January load factor and passenger number is very satisfactory for a traditionally difficult month in travel and demonstrates the continued growth and effectiveness of PLAY’s distribution and commercial activity. 

PLAY’s popular route to and from Tenerife had an impressive load factor of over 90% in January, while the Paris route performed nearly as well with an almost 90% load factor. 

30% of PLAY passengers in January were travelling from Iceland, 37% were travelling to Iceland and 32% were connecting passengers (VIA). 

Forward bookings in January were strong, beginning the year on a very positive note as January was a record sales month for PLAY.

In January, 84.3% of PLAY’s flights arrived on schedule, ensuring a smooth and punctual travel experience for our passengers despite very challenging winter operations in Iceland.

PLAY takes off to Canada and expands significantly in Denmark

Frontier Airlines reported strong revenue performance in the fourth quarter.

Frontier Group Holdings - the parent company of Frontier Airlines, Inc., today reported profitable results for the fourth quarter of 2022 on strong revenue performance, including record ancillary revenue per passenger, and an improvement in unit costs.

Fourth Quarter 2022 Highlights

• Achieved total operating revenues of $906 million, 38 percent higher than the 2019 quarter on 15 percent higher capacity resulting in a 21 percent increase in revenue per available seat mile ("RASM") over the same period
• Generated record ancillary revenue of $82 per passenger, 41 percent higher than the 2019 quarter and five percent higher than the prior quarter
• Since exiting the pandemic, realized the lowest cost per available seat mile ("CASM") of 9.93 cents, CASM (excluding fuel), a non-GAAP measure, of 6.43 cents, and adjusted (non-GAAP) CASM (excluding fuel) of 6.40 cents
• Realized a pre-tax margin of 5.5 percent and an adjusted (non-GAAP) pre-tax margin of 5.7 percent
• Ended the quarter in a strong liquidity position with $761 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, or $332 million net of total debt
• Took delivery of two A320neo and three A321neo aircraft during the fourth quarter, increasing the proportion of the fleet comprised of the more fuel-efficient A320neo family aircraft to 72 percent as of December 31, 2022, among the highest of all major U.S. carriers
• Generated 103 available seat miles ("ASM") per gallon, making Frontier the most fuel efficient of all major U.S. carriers and affirming its ongoing commitment to being "America's Greenest Airline"
• Expanded service in 16 domestic markets, including six new routes from Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport to coincide with the November 2022 opening there of a crew base, and six international markets
• Announced new Dallas-Fort Worth crew base expected to open in May 2023 along with five new routes
• Launched GoWild All-You-Can-Fly Pass, providing passengers an opportunity for an unlimited number of flights to all Frontier domestic and international destinations

“Fourth quarter results were strong, underpinned by record ancillary revenue and meaningful improvements in CASM and utilization," commented Barry Biffle, President and CEO. “Moving into 2023, we intend to bolster our competitive edge by driving further improvement in ancillary revenue per passenger and unit costs. Today, our total cost advantage over the industry average is wider than it was in 2019, and I expect it will widen further this year. With these contributing factors, I'm confident we're on track to return the airline to the pre-pandemic profit levels per plane on a run-rate basis in the second half of 2023.

"I'm extraordinarily proud of Team Frontier for their tireless contributions in 2022 as we encountered repeated, uncontrollable operational challenges, including the recent winter storm Elliott. Our team overcame treacherous weather conditions, worked extended shifts and managed customer disruptions to get them to their destinations safely. I couldn't be more confident in Team Frontier and our future together as America's ultra-low-cost carrier."

Mesa's latest results

Mesa Air Group, Inc. this week reported first-quarter fiscal 2023 financial and operating results.

Fiscal First Quarter Update:

• Total operating revenues of $147.2 million
• Pre-tax loss of $10.0 million, net loss of $9.1 million or $(0.25) per diluted share
• Adjusted net loss1 of $4.3 million or $(0.12) per diluted share
• Adjusted net loss excludes a $3.7 million impairment related to intangible assets and $1.7 million related to investments in equity securities
• As previously reported, closed on United Airlines, American Airlines, and aircraft-related transactions
• Subsequent to quarter end, closed sale of 8 remaining CRJ-550s to United Airlines

Jonathan Ornstein, Chairman and CEO, said, “The first quarter was an important one for Mesa, as we executed several key agreements that will materially enhance our operational and financial position and alleviate significant issues that we have faced. While block hour production continued to be challenged by the industry-wide pilot shortage during the quarter, we believe all the pieces are in place to begin restoring capacity across our fleets. We are preparing for the transition of our CRJ-900 operation to United next month. Our pilot pipeline continues to strengthen and pilot attrition has remained significantly lower since we have enhanced our payscales and expanded our participation in the Aviate program with United.”

Fiscal First Quarter Details:

Total operating revenues in Q1 2023 were $147.2 million, a decrease of $0.6 million (0.4%) from $147.8 million for Q1 2022. Contract revenue decreased $8.4 million, or 6.2%. These decreases were driven by lower block hours, offset by increased block-hour revenue for new pilot payscales. Mesa’s Q1 2023 results include, per GAAP, the recognition of $5.3 million, versus the recognition of $4.2 million of previously deferred revenue in Q1 2022. The remaining deferred revenue balance of $18.8 million will be recognized as flights are completed over the remaining terms of the contracts.

Mesa’s Adjusted EBITDA1 for Q1 2023 was $21.8 million, compared to $17.0 million in Q1 2022, and Adjusted EBITDAR1 was $25.9 million for Q1 2023, compared to $26.6 million in Q1 2022.

Mesa’s Q1 2023 results reflect a net loss of $9.1 million, or $(0.25) per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $14.3 million, or $(0.40) per diluted share for Q1 2022. Mesa’s Q1 2023 adjusted net loss1 was $4.3 million, or $(0.12) per diluted share, versus an adjusted net loss1 of $9.3 million, or $(0.26) per diluted share, in Q1 2022. The year over year increase in adjusted net income of $5.0 million was primarily due to increased block-hour revenue for new pilot payscales and lower maintenance, D&A, and aircraft rent expenses, partially offset by higher expenses for flight operations due to increased costs for training and employee wages.

Operationally, the Company ran a controllable completion factor of 99.4% for American and 99.9% for United during Q1 2023. This is compared to a controllable completion factor of 97.7% for American and 98.3% for United during Q1 2022. This excludes cancellations due to weather and air traffic control.

With respect to a total completion factor that includes all cancellations, Mesa reported a total completion factor of 97.9% for American and 99.2% for United during Q1 2023. This is compared to a total completion factor of 95.8% for American and 95.8% for United during Q1 2022.

For Q1 2023, 50% of the Company’s total revenue was derived from our contracts with United, 45% from American, 3% from DHL, and 2% from leases of aircraft to a third party.

Comair sues Boeing for fraud over the 737 MAX jets

Comair Limited filed a lawsuit in federal court against The Boeing Company for fraud and breach of contract concerning the purchase of eight 737 MAX aircraft. Comair is seeking damages in excess of $83 million, which it suffered as a result of Boeing's wrongful conduct.  Based in South Africa, Comair Limited was an airline that operated scheduled services on domestic routes as a British Airways licensee. It also operated as a low-cost carrier under its own kulula.com brand.  The airline was grounded in March 2022 partly due to the financial constraints put upon it by the ongoing 737 MAX issues and the global pandemic. 

The lawsuit details Boeing's wrongful conduct and alleges:

In 2010, Boeing was under pressure from its largest competitor, Airbus. This pressure led Boeing to take shortcuts, make misrepresentations and conceal information to bring the 737 MAX to market quickly.

One of the 737 MAX's central flaws was its new engines. They were larger and could not easily fit under the 737 frame's low wings. To obtain adequate ground clearance, Boeing moved the engines up and forward.

The new mount location caused the aircraft's nose to abnormally pitch up.

Rather than make the necessary, but more costly, aerodynamic changes needed to prevent the pitch-up problem, Boeing tried to combat it with a new software called the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System ("MCAS"), which automatically applied downward stabilizer trim.